I love to bake. I love to bake pies. My husband’s favorite pie is Dutch apple crumb pie. I’ve been using the same recipe that I found on the back of a Ready Crust® pie crust label 30 years ago when we first got married. My younger daughter’s favorite is pumpkin pie. The kind that uses One Pie® pumpkin and molasses.
Lately, I’ve found that I am making a lot of pies, but not for dessert. Rather, they are made in PowerPoint and Excel and are used to show various retirement savings and income concepts to clients and associates. They are one of my “recipes for retirement” – tried and true approaches that should help you get to retirement.
Late one night, I was working on a presentation that needed a pie chart, and all of a sudden I wondered how the pie was transformed from a delectable, delicious dessert to the very symbol of portfolio allocation. Dividing a simple circle into sections is a basic geometry task to show different sizes of sectors, not a slice of dessert with whipped cream on top! I must have been hungry at the time.
So, I did a little research to find out how we ended up using a circle with lines as a retirement readiness tool. Interestingly, the first use of the “pie chart” is credited to a Scottish engineer and the founder of statistical graphics, William Playfair, back in 1801. He was trying to communicate numerical data in a more visual format, especially where there was a relationship between parts that made up a whole. (You can Google Mr. Playfair for some interesting history.) Historians believe that the first graphical representation in a pie chart is of the Turkish Empire, showing how the Empire was split between Europe, Asia and Africa before 1789 (from Playfair’s book, Statistical Breviary, published in 1801).
Ever since then, analysts, mathematicians, economists, and investment managers have been using a circle with lines radiating from a center point to depict various relationships between numbers. An excellent retirement income pie chart is from Social Security. It shows where retirees get their income once they retire: Social Security, pensions, earnings and assets. (Income of the Aged Chartbook, 2010, published 2012. See page 17.)
This pie chart says that if you are in the top income group (making over $58,000), you can only count on Social Security for about 17.3% of your income. Are you surprised by how small this slice of your income pie might be?
The chart also shows how traditional defined benefit pensions might cover about another 19% of your income pie. Earnings (as in money from working) and your assets from retirement plans such as 401(k)s, 403(b)s or your IRAs provide the other 60% or more of retirement income.
That is a lot of heavy lifting needed from your retirement portfolio! You’ll have to create your own recipes for retirement income, but millions of leading-edge Boomers have already figured out that it can be done.
One important way to make your retirement savings work harder is to make sure your portfolio is set up properly for your current risk tolerance and time horizon. Advisors and investment managers can show you your retirement savings as slices of pie, where each wedge indicates the value of your different investments. This way, you can see your actual allocation and compare it to a target allocation (how large each slice of the pie should be). Sometimes the two are pretty far off. For example, if your target is a balanced pie, you would typically have about 50% in stocks, 40% in bonds and 10% cash. In reality, your pie might have 75% in stocks, 20% in bonds and 5% in cash.
Comparing your real investment pie to your target pie can help you see where your retirement investments really are. You can then decide if you were baking the wrong pie (target allocation is off the mark) or slicing some of the pieces too large or too small (investment adjustments needed). There are lots of resources about setting up the best investment allocation for your retirement savings. Just google “investment allocation” or start with this article and calculator from CNN Money.
It’s one thing to bake from a recipe, but completely different to create your own recipe. I suggest you bake your favorite pie, cut a big piece, top it with whipped cream and eat it while looking at your retirement statements and investments. Things always go better with pie!
Recipes for Retirement – dessert and retirement planning:
Apple: http://www.keebler.com/recipe-baked-dutch-apple-pie-178.aspx
Pumpkin: http://www.newenglandrecipes.com/desserts/pies/onepie_pumpkin01.shtml
Retirement Income: Income of the Aged Chartbook, 2010, published 2012. See page 17.
Your Retirement Investment Allocation: article and calculator from CNN Money
